Sexual assault — in plain language

Plain language

any sexual act or contact performed against a person's will, or without their consent, through the use of force, threats, intimidation, or coercion.

• non-consensual sexual contact
• sexual violence
• forced sexual act

What to watch for

• Legal definitions vary significantly by jurisdiction; a translator must not assume that 'sexual assault' in one state or country covers the exact same acts as in another.
• Non-lawyers may mistakenly believe 'sexual assault' only refers to rape; the term is broader and includes various forms of non-consensual contact.
• In contracts, 'sexual assault' is often grouped with 'sexual harassment.' Translators must ensure the distinction between the two is maintained, as they carry different legal consequences.

Distinguishing from Sexual Harassment. While often mentioned together in workplace policies, sexual assault and sexual harassment are distinct. Sexual assault involves physical contact or sexual acts performed without consent. Sexual harassment typically involves unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that creates a hostile environment.

What to Watch For.

• Scope of Coverage: In insurance or employment contracts, check if the document defines "sexual assault" specifically. If it does not, the definition will rely on the local criminal code, which can vary widely.
• Consent: The core of the definition is the lack of consent. Any translation must emphasize that the act was performed against the person's will or without their ability to agree to it.
• Contextual Usage: When the term appears in a list of "bodily injuries" in an insurance contract, it is being treated as a physical harm. When it appears in a workplace policy, it is being treated as a violation of professional conduct and safety.

Legal definition

Sexual assault is any sexual act or contact that occurs without the victim's consent. This includes acts performed through the use of physical force, threats, intimidation, or taking advantage of a person who is unable to give consent. It is a broad legal term that covers a range of behaviors, from unwanted touching to rape, and is treated as a serious criminal offense and a basis for civil legal action.

Meanings by context

aggravated sexual assault: A more serious form of sexual assault that involves extra violence, a weapon, or severe injury to the victim.

indecent assault: Inappropriate or offensive sexual touching that does not necessarily involve penetration.

Examples

Where you'll see it

• employment contracts
• workplace harassment policies
• criminal indictments
• civil lawsuits for damages
• insurance policy exclusions

Related terms

• sexual harassment
• battery
• consent
• indecent assault
• rape

Word details

Pronunciation

SEK-shoo-uhl uh-SAWLT

Part of speech

noun

Origin

Latin and Old French — from 'sexualis' (relating to sex) and 'assault' (a violent attack)

Domains

criminal law, employment law, tort law

Frequency

common

Formality

high